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Related Concept Videos

Discharge Summary Forms01:31

Discharge Summary Forms

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The discharge summary is crucial as it enables a smooth transition from a healthcare facility to a patient's home or another care setting. This critical document facilitates seamless continuity of care, ensuring patients receive the necessary support and attention.
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Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

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After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
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Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Termination of Translation

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Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

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To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures
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The EXIT procedure: when, who, and how.

Carol Li1,2, Anisha Rhea Noble1,2

  • 1Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

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|October 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe fetal airway obstruction requires specialized management. Ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is crucial for intervention while maintaining circulation, necessitating multidisciplinary collaboration for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
congenital high airway obstruction syndromeex-utero intrapartum treatmentfetal airway obstructionmicrognathia

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Fetal Surgery
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Fetal airway obstruction management demands a multidisciplinary approach for maternal and fetal safety.
  • Ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is indicated for severe fetal airway obstruction cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review indications and rationale for EXIT procedures.
  • To present an otolaryngologic perspective on fetal airway management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fetal airway obstruction management.
  • Analysis of prenatal risk factors for surgical intervention.
  • Examination of ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) protocols.

Main Results:

  • Three fetal anomalies (micrognathia, congenital high airway obstruction, head/neck masses) justify delivery modification.
  • Heterogeneity exists in management approaches, emphasizing early identification and multidisciplinary input.
  • EXIT enables airway intervention while preserving uteroplacental circulation.

Conclusions:

  • EXIT is a cornerstone in managing fetal airway obstruction.
  • Further research is needed to define EXIT indications and develop management algorithms.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for successful EXIT procedures.