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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Using gene-environment interactions to explore pathways for colorectal cancer risk.

Emmanouil Bouras1, Ren Yu2, Andre E Kim3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.

Ebiomedicine
|October 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study identified novel genes and pathways linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by analyzing genome-wide interactions with 15 risk factors. Findings may inform personalized CRC prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancerGene-environment interactionsMechanismsMolecular pathwaysPathway analysis

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A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant public health challenge.
  • Identifying novel intervention targets is crucial for CRC prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct genome-wide interaction analyses for 15 exposures and CRC risk.
  • To explore pathways and genes underlying CRC risk using interaction estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide interaction analyses were performed for 15 CRC risk factors.
  • Adaptive combination of Bayes Factors (ADABF) and over-representation analysis (ORA) were used for pathway analyses.
  • Findings were investigated using the Open Targets Platform (OTP) and cancer hallmarks.

Main Results:

  • 1973 pathways (ADABF) and 840 pathways (ORA) were enriched for at least one exposure.
  • 1227 genes within enriched pathways were identified, with 241 having strong prior evidence in OTP.
  • 50% of genes mapped to cancer hallmarks, particularly Sustaining Proliferative Signalling.

Conclusions:

  • The analysis provides a foundation for further functional research into CRC etiology.
  • Findings may elucidate etiological associations between risk factors and CRC.
  • Results could inform personalized prevention strategies for colorectal cancer.