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Seizures in the Neonatal Period: A Practical Review from Etiology to Outcome

Nehali Mehta1, Hannah C Glass2

  • 1Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|October 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal seizures, often acute and provoked, require prompt evaluation including continuous electroencephalography monitoring and neuroimaging. Optimal care involves stabilization, antiseizure medication, and identifying the cause to support brain development.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Pediatric epilepsy

Background:

  • Neonatal seizures are a common neurological emergency.
  • Most neonatal seizures are acute and provoked, necessitating rapid diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential aspects of diagnosing and managing neonatal seizures.
  • To provide foundational knowledge for optimal care and brain development in neonates with seizures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic and management strategies for neonatal seizures.
  • Emphasis on continuous electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring and neuroimaging.
  • Focus on immediate stabilization, antiseizure medication, and etiological investigation.

Main Results:

  • Acute provoked seizures are the most common type in neonates.
  • Continuous EEG and neuroimaging are critical for evaluation.
  • A structured approach to management is crucial for favorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of neonatal seizures involves prompt recognition, stabilization, treatment, and etiological diagnosis.
  • Early and appropriate intervention is key to promoting healthy brain development in affected infants.
  • This article provides essential guidance for pediatric clinicians managing this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
ElectroencephalographyEncephalopathyEpilepsyNeonateNeurocritical careSeizure

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