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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

37
DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
37

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Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
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Advances in Preterm Brain Injury.

Marta Ybarra1, Steven Paul Miller2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Sickkids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neonatology, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|October 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Preterm birth causes significant neurodevelopmental disabilities in infants, including motor, cognitive, and sensory challenges. Brain injuries like white matter injury and hemorrhage are common during critical fetal development.

Keywords:
Brain dysmaturationCerebellar injuryGMH-IVHPretermWhite matter injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a leading global health issue.
  • Neurodevelopmental disabilities affect a substantial proportion of surviving preterm infants.
  • Brain injury is frequent in preterm neonates during critical developmental windows (24-40 weeks gestation).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the persistent neurodevelopmental challenges in preterm infants.
  • To underscore the commonality and timing of brain injury in preterm neonates.
  • To identify the primary forms of brain injury and associated conditions in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on preterm birth complications.
  • Analysis of neonatal care advancements and their impact.
  • Categorization of common brain injuries in preterm infants.

Main Results:

  • Major motor disabilities occur in 5-10% of preterm survivors.
  • Cognitive, behavioral, and sensory issues affect over half of preterm infants.
  • Common injuries include white matter injury, germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage, and gray matter injury, alongside dysmaturation.

Conclusions:

  • Despite improved neonatal care, preterm infants face ongoing neurodevelopmental risks.
  • Brain injury and dysmaturation are prevalent issues in preterm neonates.
  • Understanding these injuries is crucial for improving long-term outcomes.