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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

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Nd:YAG Laser Induced Microfragmentation in Intraocular Lenses: A Correlative Optical and Raman Spectroscopy Study.

Andreas F Borkenstein^1,2, Eva-Maria Borkenstein^1,2, Leon Ranz^3,4

¹Borkenstein & Borkenstein Private Practice, Graz, Austria.

Current Eye Research

|October 13, 2025

Summary

Neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy can release small fragments from intraocular lenses (IOLs). This study shows that standard laser settings can cause fragment liberation, raising concerns for potential postoperative complications.

Keywords:

Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy Raman spectroscopy intraocular lens optical quality polymer fragmentation

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biomaterials Science
Laser Physics

Background:

Neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy is a common procedure for pseudophakic patients.
The potential for Nd:YAG laser use to release polymer debris from intraocular lenses (IOLs) requires further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if clinically relevant Nd:YAG laser settings can cause the release of detachable fragments from hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic IOLs.
To assess the chemical composition and origin of laser-induced fragments from IOLs.

Main Methods:

Six commercially available one-piece IOLs were subjected to Nd:YAG laser shots (2.6 mJ) under standardized in vitro conditions.
Microscopic evaluation and Raman spectroscopy were employed before and after ultrasonic cleaning to analyze released fragments.
Fragments were collected on gold-coated filters for compositional analysis.

Main Results:

Fragments ranging from 10-20 µm were observed adjacent to YAG-induced pits in all tested IOL types.
Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the fragments were composed of the respective IOL material.
Analysis of filtered fragments confirmed their origin from the lens surface.

Conclusions:

Standard Nd:YAG laser settings can release solid, IOL-derived fragments.
These findings suggest a potential clinical relevance for laser-induced material release, possibly contributing to visual disturbances or inflammation.
Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these microfragments on postoperative outcomes; optimized laser parameters are recommended.