Endoscopic Endonasal Transnasopharyngeal Approach for Ventral Craniovertebral Junction Lesions: A Technical Note

Lesions of the ventral craniovertebral junction are difficult to access owing to their deep location and proximity to critical neurovascular and pharyngeal structures. In this study, we aimed to describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of the endoscopic endonasal transnasopharyngeal approach for ventral craniovertebral junction lesions and highlight key considerations regarding approach selection, airway management, and occipitocervical stabilization.

We retrospectively reviewed 7 patients who underwent the endoscopic endonasal transnasopharyngeal approach for ventral craniovertebral junction lesions. The analysis included preoperative planning for surgical access, intraoperative technique, postoperative management, airway and nutritional strategies, and the need for occipitocervical fixation. One representative case is presented to illustrate key technical steps.

Of the 7 patients, 6 had neoplastic lesions and 1 had basilar invagination. Despite a relatively large mean lesion size of 39.4 mm, subtotal or greater resection was achieved in 5 of the 6 tumor cases. Occipitocervical fixation was performed in 2 cases. Two patients underwent prophylactic tracheostomy because of anticipated airway compromise. Of the 5 orally intubated cases, 3 were extubated immediately and 2 by postoperative day 2. Oral feeding resumed by day 10 in 6 cases. No postoperative infections or cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred. One patient experienced transient velopharyngeal insufficiency, which resolved spontaneously.

The endoscopic endonasal transnasopharyngeal approach is a safe and effective option for ventral craniovertebral junction lesions when appropriately selected. Careful preoperative evaluation and individualized management of airway and spinal stability are essential for favorable outcomes.