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Hyperthyroidism-Related Epithelial Hyperplasia as a Potential Pitfall of Thyroid Cytology: Institutional
Eliisa Eveliina Viljanen1,2, Lotta Virtanen1, David Kalfert3
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Introduction:
Hyperthyroidism-related epithelial hyperplasia is seldomly listed as a pitfall in thyroid cytology. Therefore, we focused on the cytomorphological characteristics of epithelial hyperplasia and compared these features with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Methods:
Study group consisted of 76 patients (133 FNA specimens) histologically diagnosed with hyperthyroidism-related epithelial hyperplasia without a concomitant malignancy. The control group contained 21 histologically verified FNAs of PTCs. A total of 48 cytomorphological features were quantitatively evaluated.
Results:
Statistically significant differences between the study groups were discovered on the architectural, cellular, and nuclear levels. Nuclear features varied most: nuclear elongation, grooves, irregular nuclear membrane, pseudoinclusions, the presence of nucleoli or small eccentric nucleoli were clearly more common in PTC group.
Conclusion:
Fine-needle aspiration referrals with clinical data and thyroid function test results can facilitate the interpretation of cytomorphological features and reduce the use of undetermined categories in cases of hyperthyroidism-related epithelial hyperplasia.
