Plasmapheresis for the treatment of thyroid storm

Thyroid storm, also known as thyroid crisis, is a serious medical condition that occurs when there is an extreme overproduction of thyroid hormones. It usually develops in individuals with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, often due to diseases such as Graves' disease or thyroid adenomas. We herein report a case of a female patient with Graves' disease who presented with thyroid storm and did not respond to conventional treatment, requiring intensive care unit management and mechanical ventilation support. In addition, she was managed with plasma exchange (plasmapheresis), which stabilized her clinical and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, thyroid storm is a critical condition with multiple clinical implications that should be managed using a multidisciplinary approach; moreover, early identification and adequate treatment are essential to reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Our case indicated that plasmapheresis should be considered for patients refractory to conventional treatment. Once the critical stage of the disease concludes, definitive treatment with total thyroidectomy should be planned.

Early recognition and prompt management of thyroid storm can significantly improve patient outcomes. Multidisciplinary care is essential for addressing the systemic effects of thyroid storm. Tailored rehabilitation programs may enhance recovery from associated complications, such as paralysis.