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Decoding VZV's evolutionary arsenal: how Beijing strains use recombination and adaptive mutations to thrive
Xiaotian Han1,2,3, Changcheng Wu2, Yao Deng2
1Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
Virus Evolution
|October 13, 2025
Summary
Genomic surveillance of Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in Beijing revealed new subclades and frequent recombination. These findings are vital for understanding VZV evolution and enhancing vaccine effectiveness against chickenpox and shingles.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Genomics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), an alphaherpesvirus, causes chickenpox and shingles.
- Despite widespread vaccination, breakthrough VZV infections necessitate ongoing genomic surveillance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genomic diversity and evolution of VZV strains in Beijing.
- To identify new subclades, recombination patterns, and genes under selection pressure.
Main Methods:
- Collected samples from 28 VZV-infected patients in Beijing.
- Generated 25 complete VZV genome sequences.
- Performed phylogenetic analysis, recombination detection, and selection pressure analysis.
Main Results:
- All sequenced strains belonged to Clade 2, subdivided into five novel subclades.
- Most strains were classified as Clade 2b.4, characterized by the A20795T mutation.
- Identified 32 recombination events and detected positive selection in key VZV genes (ORF17, ORF33, ORF33.5, ORF14).
Conclusions:
- The study identified new VZV subclades and frequent recombination, offering insights into viral adaptation.
- Findings provide crucial data for VZV genomic evolution in Beijing, aiding public health strategies and vaccine development.
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