Exploring the landscape of physical activity and neuroplasticity research: a comprehensive bibliometric review

Neuroplasticity, the nervous system's ability to adapt structurally and functionally to environmental changes, is essential for learning, memory, recovery, and overall brain health. Physical activity is recognized as an effective intervention to promote neuroplasticity, enhancing cognitive function and neural health. However, research on the overall landscape of "physical activity and neuroplasticity" is limited. This study used bibliometric analysis to elucidate the development status and evolution of the knowledge structure in this field. Data from the Web of Science Core Collection database covering literature published from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2024, were analyzed using software such as Excel, Scimago Graphica, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. A total of 1,854 publications meeting the selection criteria were identified, showing a gradual increase in annual publications from 2005 to 2019 and a significant surge starting from 2020. The United States ranked first in publications and citations, followed by China and Canada. The University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Illinois had the highest number of publications, with the latter leading in citation impact. Neuroscience was the journal with the most publications and citations. Research hotspots included the mechanisms of how physical activity enhances neuroplasticity and optimal intervention modalities, with keywords like "rehabilitation" and "cognition" frequently appearing. Future research should focus on clinical validation of multimodal interventions in the elderly, optimization of experimental designs in animal models, and exploration of mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, contributing to the translation of research findings from basic research to clinical applications, ultimately promoting brain health and cognitive function across the lifespan.