A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship Between Urinary Enterolactone and Sleep Quality in American Obese Adults

This study aimed to appraise the association between urinary enterolactone and sleep quality in American obese adults.

Our study analyzed data from 913 obese adults (2005-2008) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Enterolactone was tested in urine specimens. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-like measure reconstructed for NHANES based on prior literature was used to assess sleep quality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate the associations between urinary enterolactone and sleep quality in American obese adults. We also carried out linear tests utilizing restricted cubic splines to investigate the dose-response relationship between urinary enterolactone and sleep quality. Furthermore, we conducted stratified and interaction analyses to determine whether this relationship remained consistent across various subgroups.

A total of 913 obese participants were included in the analyses. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, each one-unit change in log-transformed urinary enterolactone was associated with 8% lower odds of poor sleep quality (OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, p=0.027). When urinary enterolactone was presented in tertiles, this inversely correlation became more significant with increasing levels of urinary enterolactone. Moreover, in stratified analyses, the relationship between urinary enterolactone and sleep quality persisted.

Urinary enterolactone, an indicator of gut microbiome health, is inversely associated with poor sleep quality in American obese adults.