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Non-pharmacological techniques complementary to sedation administration decrease pain and anxiety during

Philip Roelandt1,2, Georgios Tziatzios3, Nick De Leebeeck1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-pharmacological techniques like virtual reality and music significantly reduce pain and anxiety during gastrointestinal endoscopy. These methods also enhance patient satisfaction when used alongside standard sedation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pain Management
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures often involve patient discomfort.
  • Sedation is commonly used, but adjuncts may further improve patient experience.
  • Non-pharmacological techniques are being explored to complement sedation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analyze the efficacy of non-pharmacological techniques as adjuncts to sedation during GI endoscopy.
  • To assess the impact on patient-reported pain, anxiety, and satisfaction.
  • To evaluate evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2014-2024.
  • Included studies evaluated virtual reality (VR) and music interventions.
  • Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted to determine effect sizes for pain, anxiety, and satisfaction.

Main Results:

  • Twelve RCTs involving 1511 patients were analyzed.
  • Non-pharmacological techniques significantly reduced pain (MD -1.02) and anxiety (MD -1.07).
  • Patient satisfaction was significantly higher (MD 1.67) compared to sedation alone, despite low confidence in estimates due to heterogeneity and bias.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual reality and music, when used with sedation, decrease pain and anxiety during GI endoscopy.
  • These non-pharmacological adjuncts improve overall patient satisfaction.
  • Further research may be needed to address heterogeneity and bias in existing studies.