Ferroptosis and organelle roles in dry eye

Dry eye, an ocular surface disorder, has become increasingly prevalent over the past few years due to air pollution and stress in daily life. Emerging studies on dry eye in both cellular and animal models indicate changes in ferroptosis-related markers. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lysosomal abnormalities are involved in dry eye. Targeting ferroptosis and improving organelle function have made considerable progress in the treatment of dry eye. This review summarizes the evidence for ferroptosis and organelle damage in the ocular surface, elucidates their roles in dry eye pathogenesis, and discusses the interplay among ferroptosis, organelle dysfunction, and dry eye. Finally, it highlights targeted therapeutic strategies for mitigating dry eye symptoms.