Hydrogel Microspheres as Versatile Platforms for Biomedical Research: Design, Properties, and Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Biomedical Engineering
• Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

• Hydrogel microspheres (HMs) are versatile biomaterials with inherent biocompatibility and controlled release capabilities.
• They are extensively utilized in drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering applications.
• Current reviews often lack a holistic view, focusing on isolated aspects of HM technology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the construction strategies, fabrication technologies, and multifunctional applications of hydrogel microspheres.
• To bridge the gap between fundamental research in HM design and their clinical translation.
• To explore the cross-system therapeutic potential and address challenges in the clinical adoption of HMs.

Main Methods:

• Summarizing HM construction strategies, including material selection and property modulation.
• Reviewing fabrication technologies such as batch emulsion, microfluidic chips, and AI-assisted methods.
• Cataloging multifunctional applications including drug/cell delivery, nanoparticle integration, and lubrication modification.

Main Results:

• HMs exhibit tunable material compositions (natural, synthetic, composite polymers) and fabrication methods (microfluidics, electrohydrodynamic spraying).
• Diverse applications span musculoskeletal repair to dermatological therapy, showcasing cross-system therapeutic potential.
• Key challenges in clinical translation and opportunities for synergistic therapy are identified.

Conclusions:

• This review provides a comprehensive overview of HMs from basic research to clinical application.
• It highlights the potential of HMs for advanced therapeutic strategies and synergistic treatments.
• Addressing identified bottlenecks is crucial for successful clinical translation of HM technology.