Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

46.6K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
46.6K
Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores02:40

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

16.5K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
16.5K
Responses to Drought and Flooding02:41

Responses to Drought and Flooding

11.9K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
11.9K
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

36.9K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
36.9K
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

37.6K
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
37.6K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

27.9K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
27.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

For colonization success, should hosts and microbes travel alone, together, or swap partners along the way?

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Cis-regulation of gene expression between sexes and life stages in Rumex hastatulus.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same author

I-STRONG: an integrative, multicomponent treatment approach for chronic pain in pediatric sickle cell disease.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

Rapid adaptation and extinction in synchronized outdoor evolution experiments of <i>Arabidopsis</i>.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Resilience and Mental Health in Southwest Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Ohio journal of public health·2026
Same author

How Genotype-by-Environment Interactions Can Maintain Variation in Mutualisms.

The American naturalist·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Hydroponic Co-cultivation System for Simultaneous and Systematic Analysis of Plant/Microbe Molecular Interactions and Signaling
11:16

A Hydroponic Co-cultivation System for Simultaneous and Systematic Analysis of Plant/Microbe Molecular Interactions and Signaling

Published on: July 22, 2017

14.6K

Mutualism Mediates Legume Response to Microbial Climate Legacies.

Julia A Boyle1,2, Bridget Murphy3,4, Fangming Teng1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.

Ecology and Evolution
|October 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Climate change impacts soil microbes, affecting plant resilience. Adding beneficial microbes like rhizobia can help legumes overcome drought stress, mitigating negative climate change effects on agriculture.

Keywords:
climate changelegacy effectslegumemutualismsoil microbiomesymbiosis

More Related Videos

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores
09:17

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores

Published on: March 26, 2019

13.2K
Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti
20:01

Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

Published on: October 1, 2013

17.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Hydroponic Co-cultivation System for Simultaneous and Systematic Analysis of Plant/Microbe Molecular Interactions and Signaling
11:16

A Hydroponic Co-cultivation System for Simultaneous and Systematic Analysis of Plant/Microbe Molecular Interactions and Signaling

Published on: July 22, 2017

14.6K
Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores
09:17

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores

Published on: March 26, 2019

13.2K
Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti
20:01

Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

Published on: October 1, 2013

17.5K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Climate change, characterized by heat and drought, significantly alters soil microbial communities.
  • These alterations impact plant-microbe interactions, with consequences for plant performance and symbiosis that are not fully understood.
  • Understanding microbial mediation of plant responses to climate stress is crucial for ecosystem and agricultural resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the indirect effects of heat and drought on plant performance and symbiosis mediated by soil microbes.
  • To determine if the addition of a microbial mutualist, Sinorhizobium meliloti, can counteract negative climate-induced microbial impacts on plants.
  • To assess the role of microbial legacy effects in plant adaptation to climate change.

Main Methods:

  • Growth chamber experiments were used to simulate drought and heat conditions.
  • Medicago lupulina plants were exposed to soils with microbes adapted to different climate conditions (drought, heat, control).
  • The effect of adding Sinorhizobium meliloti (rhizobia) to drought-adapted microbial communities was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Drought-adapted microbes significantly reduced Medicago lupulina biomass, increased mortality, and decreased branch number.
  • The addition of rhizobia to drought-adapted soils negated the negative impacts on legume performance, equalizing responses.
  • Heat-adapted microbiomes did not significantly affect legume performance compared to control microbiomes.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial communities adapted to drought can negatively impact legume performance, but this effect can be mitigated by symbiotic mutualists like rhizobia.
  • Microbial legacy effects and the presence of mutualist partners play a critical role in mediating plant responses to drought stress.
  • Certain microbial mutualists can buffer plant responses to climate-induced soil microbial changes, promoting resilience.