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Published on: February 16, 2022
Nitric Oxide in Biomaterial-Based Therapies for Coronary Heart Disease: Mechanistic Insights, Current Advances, and
Jinpeng Sun1,2,3, Zhiwen Wang4, Yang Sun5
1Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Insights
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in endothelial function and coronary heart disease (CHD). NO-releasing biomaterials offer promising therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis and CHD management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Biomaterials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in coronary atherosclerosis, impacting cardiovascular health.
- Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase are crucial for endothelial homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation.
- NO's diverse roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology drive research into exogenous NO delivery for treating atherosclerosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted roles of endogenous NO in cardiovascular health and disease.
- To explore the enzymatic regulation of NO biosynthesis and its signaling pathways.
- To evaluate the translational potential of NO-based biomaterials for managing coronary heart disease (CHD).
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of NO's role in cardiovascular systems.
- Analysis of enzymatic regulation of NO production and downstream signaling.
- Evaluation of NO-releasing platforms and donor systems for atherosclerotic interventions.
- Assessment of novel NO-donor systems and bioengineered constructs in preclinical models.
Main Results:
- Endogenous NO has dual roles, supporting cardiovascular health while also mediating pathological processes.
- NO biosynthesis is tightly regulated enzymatically, influencing various signaling cascades.
- NO-releasing biomaterials demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of atherosclerosis.
- Advancements in NO-donor systems enable spatiotemporally controlled and sustained NO delivery.
Conclusions:
- NO-based biomaterials are critical for advancing precision medicine in coronary heart disease (CHD).
- Novel NO-donor systems and bioengineered constructs show significant therapeutic promise.
- These biomaterials have implications for both diagnostic innovation and therapeutic optimization in cardiovascular disease.
- Leveraging exogenous NO delivery strategies is a key focus for atherosclerotic interventions.
Abstract:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading etiology of cardiovascular mortality globally. Endothelial dysfunction is now well-documented as the incipient pathological event in coronary atherosclerosis, with endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase playing pivotal roles in regulating endothelial homeostasis via diverse signaling cascades. Over the past several decades, the pleiotropic functions of NO in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology have sparked substantial research interest in leveraging exogenous NO delivery strategies for atherosclerotic interventions. Beyond conventional NO-based pharmacotherapies, notable advancements have been achieved in the development of NO-releasing platforms and donor systems capable of spatiotemporally controlled and sustained NO delivery to target vascular tissues. This comprehensive review synthesizes current understanding of (a) the dual roles of endogenous NO in maintaining cardiovascular health and mediating pathological processes, (b) the enzymatic regulation of NO biosynthesis and its downstream signaling networks, and (c) the emerging translational potential of NO-based biomaterials in atherosclerotic management. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating novel NO-donor systems and bioengineered constructs that exhibit therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. Collectively, this analysis underscores the critical importance of NO-based biomaterials in advancing precision medicine approaches for CHDs, with implications for both diagnostic innovation and therapeutic optimization.
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