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Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment

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Assessment of mechanisms and efficiencies for Mn decrease at unit processes in passive treatment facilities for mine

Hye-Lim Kwon^1,2, Duk-Min Kim³, Seong-Sook Park²

¹Department of New Energy and Mining Engineering, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-Gil, Wonju, Gangwon-Do, 26339, Republic of Korea.

Environmental Geochemistry and Health

|October 13, 2025

Summary

Passive treatment facilities show manganese (Mn) decreases, but limestone and oxidation alone are insufficient. Water depth and Fe(II) concentration are key factors for Mn reduction in these systems.

Keywords:

Aerobic wetland Coprecipitation Design algorithm Oxidation Rhodochrosite

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Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Water Treatment Technologies
Environmental Chemistry

Background:

Passive treatment facilities often show manganese (Mn) reduction, though limestone reactions and oxidation alone are generally ineffective.
Understanding Mn treatment mechanisms is crucial for designing effective passive systems and determining the need for additional treatment processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the primary factors influencing manganese concentration decrease in passive treatment facilities.
To assess the mechanisms of Mn removal and quantify decrease rates in different unit processes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from passive treatment facilities in South Korea.
Conducting batch limestone experiments.
Evaluating the role of Mn coprecipitation and adsorption by Fe.
Identifying key factors affecting Mn concentration reduction.

Main Results:

Mn coprecipitation and adsorption by Fe were found to be unlikely mechanisms for Mn decrease.
Water depth and Fe(II) concentration were identified as the principal factors driving Mn concentration decrease.
Calculated average Mn concentration decrease rates were 0.03 mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹ in oxidation ponds, 0.31 mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹ in successive alkalinity producing systems (SAPS), and 0.93 mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹ in aerobic wetlands.

Conclusions:

Water depth and Fe(II) concentration are critical for effective Mn reduction in passive treatment systems.
The findings enhance understanding of Mn removal mechanisms in aerobic wetlands.
Observed differences in Mn decrease efficiencies should inform the design and renovation of passive treatment facilities.