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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
Photo-induced radical trifluoromethylation/dearomatization of 3-substituted indoles
Yuyu Lv1, Zhoubin Deng1, Zhijun Zhu1
1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China. huyl@nwnu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
A visible-light-induced cascade radical trifluoromethylation/cyclization/dearomatization reaction between 3-substituted indoles and CF3Br in the presence of 4CzIPN and K2CO3 has been developed. This protocol provided a facile, efficient and cost-effective approach for the construction of 3,3-spirocyclic 2-trifluoromethylindolines in moderate to high yields under mild conditions. This process can be scaled up. A radical relay mechanism was proposed based on the control experiments. This protocol provides an efficient route for the synthesis of 3,3-spirocyclic 2-trifluoromethylindolines with the advantages of a broad substrate scope, a cheap trifluoromethyl source and a green source of energy.
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