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Updated: Jan 15, 2026
09:44
Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
439
Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery.
Saahil Sandeep Baghel1, Maja Munck Nikolajsen1, Stefanie Dietl1
1LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|October 13, 2025
Summary
Choline and geranic acid ionic liquid (CAGE) enhances transdermal drug delivery by improving skin penetration and dissolving poorly soluble drugs. This biocompatible ionic liquid shows potential for various therapeutic applications with minimal skin impact.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Materials Science
Background:
- Ionic liquids are gaining recognition for drug delivery applications, particularly enhancing cutaneous drug penetration and permeation.
- Their excellent solvation properties address challenges with poorly soluble drugs.
- Ionic liquids are tunable functional salts liquid at room temperature due to ion asymmetry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prepare, characterize, and evaluate a biocompatible ionic liquid composed of choline and geranic acid (CAGE) for transdermal drug delivery.
- To assess CAGE's potential for delivering various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with minimal skin barrier impact.
Main Methods:
- Preparation and characterization of CAGE (choline:geranic acid, 1:2 ratio).
- Characterization techniques included NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Karl-Fischer titration for water content.
- Evaluation involved ex vivo barrier interaction studies on porcine skin.
Main Results:
- Successful preparation and characterization of CAGE.
- Demonstrated potential for transdermal delivery of small molecules, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Ex vivo studies indicated minimal impact on skin barrier function.
Conclusions:
- CAGE is a promising biocompatible ionic liquid for transdermal drug delivery.
- It effectively enhances drug permeation and solubility while maintaining skin integrity.
- CAGE offers a tunable platform for diverse therapeutic applications.
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