Effects of vaping on kidney function: a systematic review on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease

The increase use of vaping, especially in the younger population, has led to increased scrutiny of its health effects, particularly on renal function. This article reviews the current literature on the association between vaping, nicotine exposure, and renal impairment, focusing on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nicotine and other chemicals in e-liquids may induce microangiopathy, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced renal perfusion, thus contributing to AKI. Chronic exposure to nicotine also promotes an inflammatory response, increasing the risk of interstitial nephritis. Additionally, glomerular damage due to continuous use of vapers has been linked to albuminuria and progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a condition that can lead to CKD. This article highlights the need for further research to clarify the kidney risks associated with vaping and provides information for public health policies on nicotine use.