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Tolerogenic probiotics and gut-brain axis: targeting pain receptors in neuroimmune disorders

Maryam Ahmadi-Khorram1,2, Alireza Hatami1,2, Fatemeh Forouzanfar3,4

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Nutritional Neuroscience
|October 13, 2025
PubMed

Keywords:
Tolerogenic probioticscytokinegut-brain axisimmune toleranceinflammationneuroimmune disordersneuroinflammationpain receptors

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