Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

680
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
680
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

830
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
830
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.7K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.7K
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

3.1K
Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
3.1K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

6.4K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
6.4K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

1.7K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Central precocious puberty: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Longitudinal Circulating Procollagen-markers PRO-C1 and PRO-C2 Reflect Pubertal Growth Spurt in Healthy Adolescents.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Measurements of plasma melatonin by rapid LC-MS/MS enables insight into diurnal variation in healthy humans.

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation·2026
Same author

Impact of idiopathic short stature on children's well-being: a nationwide study of short Danish children.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Free testosterone and IGF-I mediate sex-specific linear growth during minipuberty.

Endocrine connections·2026
Same author

Mapping of sex hormones in the testicular vein of healthy men.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays
11:17

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Published on: January 7, 2016

17.1K

Bioactive IGF-I Concentrations in Children on GH Therapy.

Lea Vilmann1,2, Jakob Albrethsen1,2, Jørgen Holm Petersen1,2,3

  • 1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Monitoring bioactive Insulin-like Growth factor (IGF)-I levels can help optimize Growth Hormone (GH) therapy in children. Bioactive IGF-I remained within normal ranges for most GH-treated patients, suggesting potential for personalized treatment adjustments.

Keywords:
GH therapyIGF-IIGFBP-3LC-MS/MSbioactive IGF-IrhGH

More Related Videos

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.7K
Development of a Multicellular Three-dimensional Organotypic Model of the Human Intestinal Mucosa Grown Under Microgravity
08:54

Development of a Multicellular Three-dimensional Organotypic Model of the Human Intestinal Mucosa Grown Under Microgravity

Published on: July 25, 2016

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays
11:17

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Published on: January 7, 2016

17.1K
Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.7K
Development of a Multicellular Three-dimensional Organotypic Model of the Human Intestinal Mucosa Grown Under Microgravity
08:54

Development of a Multicellular Three-dimensional Organotypic Model of the Human Intestinal Mucosa Grown Under Microgravity

Published on: July 25, 2016

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Growth Hormone Therapy
  • Biomarker Analysis

Background:

  • Monitoring Insulin-like Growth factor (IGF)-I is crucial during Growth Hormone (GH) therapy in children.
  • Elevated total IGF-I levels raise concerns about potential long-term health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare bioactive and total IGF-I levels in healthy children and adolescents.
  • To evaluate bioactive and total IGF-I in children undergoing GH therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Established pediatric, sex-specific reference ranges for bioactive IGF-I (KIRA).
  • Compared bioactive IGF-I with total IGF-I, IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (iSYS), and IGF-I, -II, IGFBP-3, ALS (LC-MS/MS).
  • Assessed IGF-I bioactivity relative to total IGF-I during GH therapy.

Main Results:

  • Bioactive IGF-I positively correlated with total IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 in healthy children.
  • Bioactive IGF-I showed negative correlation with IGF-II.
  • A smaller proportion of GH-treated patients had elevated bioactive IGF-I compared to total IGF-I.

Conclusions:

  • Bioactive IGF-I levels were within reference ranges for most children receiving GH therapy.
  • Monitoring bioactive IGF-I may aid in optimizing GH dosing for specific pediatric patient subgroups.