Amorphous and Multiphase Molybdenum Oxides and Tungsten Oxides: Preparation and Application

Versatile geometric and electronic structures render amorphous molybdenum oxides (MO₃) and tungsten oxides (WO₃) tunable physicochemical properties, which have drawn considerable attention in the field of material science. Given the flourished research progress, a comprehensive review related to the two materials is urgently needed. Herein, up-to-date research progresses of amorphous MO₃ and amorphous WO₃, ranging from synthetic approaches, amorphization mechanisms, as well as structural and electronic modulation, are reviewed. Subsequently, potential applications and performance of materials in the fields of catalysis, sensing, and energy storage are introduced. Finally, several key challenges and future research directions of amorphous MO₃ and amorphous WO₃ are proposed, which are anticipated to provide insights for researchers interested in the field of amorphous materials. Hybrid Mo-W oxide systems are beyond the scope of this work.