Antioxidant and Anticoagulant Screening of Allamanda schottii Leaf Extract in Rats

Anticoagulants are used frequently in the treatment of cardiac and thrombotic disorders, but they can sometimes lead to life-threatening conditions. Plants consist of various bioactive molecules; hence, the extracts of their different part possess various pharmacological activities. Allamanda schottii is notable for its richness in terms of secondary metabolites. The protease in this plant helps to reduce the clot with minimal or no side effects.

In the present study, we used leaves of Allamanda schottii that were processed for extraction. The Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method was used. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed using reagent-based phytochemical testing, estimation of total phenolic content, and evaluation of antioxidant activity using the DPPH and FRAP methods. For the evaluation of in-vitro anticoagulant activity, clot lysis, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were assessed in female Wistar rats. Additionally, in vivo anticoagulant activity was evaluated by measuring clotting time and using the Tail Bleeding Assay. Furthermore, major organs of rats were extracted for histopathology to assess hemorrhagic events.

The results demonstrated the anticoagulant potential of the plant extracts, with significant prolongation of clotting times observed at higher concentrations: PT (90.33 s and 84.00 s), aPTT (175.50 s and 174.33 s), and clotting time (121.00 s and 123.00 s).

The UAE approach is a rapid method for extracting chemical components from plant cells, facilitating the identification of phytocompounds with diverse pharmacological properties. It involves an extraction technique and appropriate solvent selection, with the aqueous extract playing a crucial role. The studied plant possesses antioxidant potential, with methanolic extracts exhibiting favorable IC50 values. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in all groups compared to the control group, with p < 0.001.

Allamanda schottii comprises a variety of constituents, and a range of secondary metabolites exhibit distinct medicinal properties. The antioxidant and clot lysis potential of this plant indicates its significant efficacy, suggesting the potential for discovering new antioxidant and anticoagulant compounds.