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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Unlocking Entropy-Stabilized Multinary Metal-Phosphide for High-Performance Sodium Storage Anode Material.

Jingyuan Zhang1, Zeyu Cao1, Ying Yang1

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Devices & Interface Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High-entropy multinary phosphides like SnSbCuBiP4-CNT offer high capacity for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This novel anode material effectively addresses volume expansion issues, enhancing battery performance and longevity.

Keywords:
alloy materialsanode materialshigh‐entropymetallic phosphidesodium‐ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Alloy materials are promising for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to high capacity.
  • Significant volumetric variation during cycling is a major challenge for alloy anodes.
  • High-entropy materials (HEMs) offer a strategy to mitigate volume expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel multinary metallic phosphide anode material for SIBs.
  • To leverage high-entropy concepts and carbon nanotube incorporation to improve electrochemical performance.
  • To address the critical challenge of volumetric expansion in alloy anodes for SIBs.

Main Methods:

  • High-energy ball milling was employed to synthesize the SnSbCuBiP4-CNT material.
  • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated to enhance sodium-ion transport and structural stability.
  • Electrochemical performance was evaluated as an anode material in SIBs and in a full cell configuration.

Main Results:

  • The SnSbCuBiP4-CNT anode exhibited a low sodiation potential (≈0.4 V) and high capacity (904.1 mAh g⁻¹).
  • Excellent rate capability was demonstrated, retaining 642.1 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹.
  • A full cell with Na2VTi(PO4)3 cathode achieved high energy (189.3 Wh kg⁻¹) and power (7322 W kg⁻¹) densities.

Conclusions:

  • SnSbCuBiP4-CNT is a high-entropy anode material with outstanding electrochemical performance for SIBs.
  • The material effectively mitigates volume expansion, enhancing cycling stability and capacity.
  • This work presents a promising pathway for developing advanced multinary phosphide anodes for next-generation energy storage.