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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry
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Profiling Norovirus Antibody Specificity and Function Using Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) Assays.

Jessica M van Loben Sels1, Christine M Tin1, Ian G Goodfellow2

  • 1Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay quantifies antibodies by measuring luminescence. This sensitive method, including LIPS-Blockade, detects norovirus antibodies and their blocking function, offering an alternative to traditional assays.

Keywords:
AntibodiesHuman norovirusImmunoassayLIPS assayLIPS-Blockade assayRenilla luciferaseSerum

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) is a sensitive, high-throughput immunoassay.
  • It quantifies antigen-specific serum antibodies using Renilla luciferase (Ruc) reporter enzyme.
  • LIPS has been adapted for detecting antibodies against noroviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail protocols for the LIPS assay for detecting human norovirus-specific serum antibodies.
  • To describe the LIPS-Blockade assay for measuring antibody functionality, specifically carbohydrate-binding blockade.
  • To present LIPS and LIPS-Blockade as alternatives to standard immunosorbent assays.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the LIPS assay, which involves fusing an antigen of interest to Renilla luciferase (Ruc).
  • Measuring luminescence emitted by Ruc to quantify antigen-specific serum antibodies.
  • Employing the LIPS-Blockade assay to assess the ability of antibodies to block norovirus carbohydrate binding.

Main Results:

  • The LIPS assay provides a sensitive and high-throughput method for profiling serum antibodies against diverse antigens.
  • The LIPS-Blockade assay effectively measures antibody functionality, correlating with neutralizing antibody levels.
  • Both LIPS and LIPS-Blockade assays demonstrate utility as alternatives to conventional serological methods.

Conclusions:

  • The LIPS assay is a versatile tool for quantifying antigen-specific antibodies.
  • LIPS and LIPS-Blockade assays offer robust methods for detecting and functionally characterizing norovirus-specific antibodies.
  • These assays provide valuable alternatives for serological profiling in virology research.