Biomaterials for CNS disorders: a review of development from traditional methods to AI-assisted optimization

Treating neurodegenerative and traumatic brain disorders is profoundly challenging due to factors like permanent tissue loss and the restrictive nature of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), which limits drug delivery to the brain. Biomaterials offer a promising therapeutic strategy, serving as scaffolds for tissue regeneration or as platforms for the controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents. These materials can localize treatment to the site of injury and prevent the rapid clearance of drugs from circulation. However, the development of biomaterials with the precise properties required for these complex applications is often slow and resource-intensive when using traditional trial-and-error methods. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a paradigm shift to overcome this limitation, poised to revolutionize the field by enabling the intelligent design, virtual screening, and rapid selection of optimal biomaterials. By analyzing vast datasets of material and biological properties, AI can accelerate the development of more effective and personalized treatments. This review examines innovative biomaterials and their applications in conditions such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. A central focus is placed on how the integration of AI is accelerating the discovery of novel treatments, paving the way for the future of therapy for neurological disorders.