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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Gestalt approach and cognitive fallacies: mitigating negative recency and positive recency.

Yeonho Choi1, Kyungil Kim2, Lisa K Son3

  • 1Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 221C Lazenby Hall, 1827 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. choi.2006@osu.edu.

Cognitive Processing
|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gestalt principles can reduce cognitive biases like negative recency (NR) and positive recency (PR) by altering event perception. This research shows how framing influences probabilistic decision-making.

Keywords:
Gestalt approachLaw of small numbersNegative recency, positive recency

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Cognitive fallacies, such as negative recency (NR) and positive recency (PR), impact probabilistic decision-making.
  • Understanding how to mitigate these biases is crucial for improving judgment and choice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of Gestalt-based manipulations in reducing NR and PR tendencies.
  • To explore how grouping and closure principles influence the perception of event relatedness and subsequent biases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two types of Gestalt-based manipulations: grouping and closure.
  • Employed a series of Coin Prediction Tasks (CPTs) to assess behavioral responses.
  • Compared participant tendencies for NR/PR under different trial structures (Grouping-based CPT) and outcome sequences (Closure-based CPT).

Main Results:

  • Grouping-based manipulations increased NR/PR tendencies when events were perceived as related within a trial.
  • Closure-based manipulations showed that streaks of dominant events amplified NR/PR, while non-dominant events reduced them.
  • Gestalt-based framing demonstrated a significant ability to mitigate cognitive fallacies.

Conclusions:

  • Gestalt principles, specifically grouping and closure, can effectively reduce cognitive fallacies in decision-making.
  • The perception of event relatedness, manipulated through Gestalt framing, plays a key role in probabilistic judgment.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering Gestalt principles in designing decision-making environments and interventions.