Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of obesity in domestic cats

Obesity in cats has become increasingly prevalent in clinical practice and is associated with several comorbidities and reduced longevity. However, data on metabolic alterations in overweight or obese cats remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate hematological, lipid profile, oxidative metabolism, and cardiovascular parameters in overweight and obese cats. A total of 42 neutered mixed-breed cats were included and divided into three groups (n = 14): control group, overweight group, and obese group. Animals were selected based on medical history, physical examination, complete blood count, FIV/FeLV serology, and biochemical profile; individuals with comorbidities were excluded. Evaluations included complete blood count, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), erythrocyte osmotic fragility, electrocardiogram, and systemic blood pressure. Overweight cats showed significantly elevated cholesterol levels (179.93 ± 37.41 mg/dL; p = 0.003). Obese cats showed lymphopenia (1175 cells/µL; 871-2662), increased cholesterol (181.92 ± 27.78 mg/dL; p = 0.003), triglycerides (117 mg/dL; 80-211; p = 0.002), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (30.7 ± 20 mg/dL; p = 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (160.3 ± 20.56 mmHg; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. In conclusion, feline obesity induces significant alterations in hematological, lipid, and cardiovascular parameters, indicating a relevant systemic impact.