Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Plane Potential Flows01:23

Plane Potential Flows

818
Plane potential flows simplify fluid motion by assuming the fluid to be irrotational and incompressible. These characteristics allow these flows to be described by a velocity potential function, ϕ, representing the flow speed in a given direction, and a stream function, ψ, that visualizes the flow path, both governed by Laplace's equation. These parameters help in estimating flow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure fields around various hydraulic structures.
Uniform...
818
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

10.4K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
10.4K
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

637
Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
637
Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

476
Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower...
476
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

626
Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
626
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

2.1K
Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Albumin 20% in surgical and critically ill patients; a comprehensive review.

Critical care (London, England)·2026
Same author

When does the "third fluid space" open?

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology·2025
Same author

Physiology and Molecular Mechanisms of the "Third Fluid Space".

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Constant plasma volume and colloid osmotic pressure after infusion of albumin 20%: A secondary analysis.

Physiological reports·2025
Same author

Attenuation of the plasma volume response to crystalloid fluid used for goal-directed fluid therapy.

Annals of intensive care·2025
Same author

Volume Kinetics of Gelofusine 4% During Vascular Surgery.

Clinical pharmacokinetics·2025
Same journal

Response letter to "Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation and reduction in vasopressor requirements".

Annals of intensive care·2026
Same journal

Impact of Respiratory Effort Parameters on Clinical Outcomes in Respiratory Failure Patients (Effort-I): A Prospective Observational Study.

Annals of intensive care·2026
Same journal

Human Development Index and outcomes in older critically ill patients: A European multicentre study.

Annals of intensive care·2026
Same journal

Impact of gender on how intensive care medicine residents experience their medical studies and training and perceive their specialty: a national survey.

Annals of intensive care·2026
Same journal

Diagnosis and management of Children with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Paediatrics: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the French National Authority for Health (HAS).

Annals of intensive care·2026
Same journal

Is arterial hypotension the real enemy in septic shock or is it just cosmetic?

Annals of intensive care·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

17.7K

Where does the fluid go?

Robert G Hahn1

  • 1Karolinska Institutet at Danderyds Hospital (KIDS), Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden. robert.hahn@ki.se.

Annals of Intensive Care
|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liberal fluid administration can cause dangerous fluid overload. This review explores how fluid shifts between body compartments, highlighting why excess crystalloid fluid accumulation leads to complications and potential fatality.

Keywords:
Cardiac damageCrystalloid fluidPharmacokineticsPlasma volume

More Related Videos

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods
09:17

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Published on: April 23, 2018

11.2K
Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

17.7K
Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods
09:17

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Published on: April 23, 2018

11.2K
Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Physiology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Liberal crystalloid fluid administration is crucial for tissue perfusion in critical conditions.
  • Both underhydration and overhydration carry risks and can lead to complications.
  • Understanding fluid distribution is key to preventing adverse outcomes from fluid overload.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fluid distribution between body compartments.
  • To elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms behind fluid overload complications.
  • To identify why fluid overload can be fatal.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fluid distribution and kinetics.
  • Analysis of microscopic studies in animal models of fluid overload.
  • Examination of volume kinetic analysis identifying factors influencing edema.
  • Discussion of fluid accumulation in "third space" compartments.

Main Results:

  • Excess crystalloid fluid accumulates in high-compliance areas like skin and intestinal walls.
  • The heart is identified as a critical site during severe overhydration.
  • A "third fluid space" accumulates fluid during overhydration and inflammation, impacting lymphatic flow.
  • Inflammatory conditions and conditions like preeclampsia and sepsis exacerbate fluid shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Excess fluid accumulation in specific body compartments contributes to complications.
  • The precise mechanisms causing severe overhydration complications in humans remain poorly understood.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and manage fluid overload pathophysiology.