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The association between inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic heart disease: A retrospective cohort study
Mahmoud H Mosli1, Dima M Alsulami1, Yara K Alghamdi1
1From the Department of Internal Medicine (Mosli), Faculty of Medicine, from King Abdulaziz University Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group (Mosli, Saadah), from the College of Medicine (Alsulami, Alghamdi, Badahdah), King Abdulaziz University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhibshi), King Abdulaziz Hospital, from the Department of Clinical Physiology (Alsufyani), King Abdulaziz University, from the Department of Pediatrics (Saadah), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, and from the Department of General Surgery (Alamri), King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, and from the Department of Endodontic (Alzahrani), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Insights
This study found no increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Lower rates of traditional cardiovascular risk factors were observed in the IBD group.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Cardiology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses chronic conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
- The relationship between IBD and ischemic heart disease (IHD) requires further investigation.
- Understanding comorbidities in IBD is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between IBD and IHD.
- To identify predictors of IHD in patients diagnosed with IBD.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort analysis of 400 patients (291 with IBD, 109 controls).
- Data collected from January 2015 to October 2022 at a tertiary care hospital.
- Primary outcome: IBD and IHD association; Secondary outcome: IHD predictors in IBD patients.
Main Results:
- IBD patients had significantly lower rates of hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension compared to controls.
- Only 2.7% of IBD patients developed IHD.
- Logistic regression showed no significant association between IBD and IHD (p=0.932). Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were significant predictors of IHD in IBD patients.
Conclusions:
- This cohort study indicates no elevated risk of IHD among patients with IBD.
- Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, not IBD itself, appear to be key drivers of IHD in this population.
- Further research may explore the complex interplay between chronic inflammation and cardiovascular health.
Objectives:
To evaluate the association between Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Ischemic heart disease (IHD).
Methods:
A retrospective cohort analysis included patients with and without IBD seen at the outpatient gastroenterology clinic of a large tertiary care hospital between January 2015 and October 2022. The primary outcome was the association between IBD and IHD, and the secondary outcome was predictors of IHD in patients with IBD.
Results:
The study included 400 patients; 291 were IBD patients, and 109 had other non-inflammatory GI disorders. The IBD group displayed significantly lower rates of hyperlipidemia (8.6% vs. 30.3%, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (DM) (10% vs. 24.8%, p<0.001), and hypertension (11.7% vs. 32.1%, p<0.001) compared to the non-IBD group. Only 2.7% (n=8) of IBD patients developed IHD. Logistic regression analysis did not demonstrate a significant association between IBD and IHD (p=0.932). Among classical risk factors, only hypertension (OR: 26.2, 95% CI: 2.14-661, p=0.016) and hyperlipidemia (OR: 10.5, 95% CI: 1.32-132, p=0.0405) significantly increased the risk of developing IHD among patients with IBD.
Conclusion:
In this cohort, there is no increased risk of developing IHD in patients with IBD compared to non-IBD patients.
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