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Anaplasmosis: Emerging threat in Canada
Clarissa Ngo1, Carol Koubaesh2, Derek MacFadden3
1Family medicine resident at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont. clarissa.ngo@medportal.ca.
Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
|October 14, 2025
Summary
Anaplasmosis, a growing tick-borne illness in Canada, presents as a nonspecific fever. Early diagnosis and doxycycline treatment are key to preventing complications.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Tick-borne illnesses, including anaplasmosis, are increasing in Canada.
- Anaplasmosis is transmitted by the same vectors as Lyme disease.
- Climate change contributes to the expanding range of tick populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of anaplasmosis diagnosis and management.
- To raise awareness among Canadian family physicians about this emerging tick-borne illness.
Main Methods:
- Literature review using PubMed (October 2024 - March 2025).
- Search terms included 'anaplasmosis' and 'tick-borne illness'.
- Focused on epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, with evidence levels II-III.
Main Results:
- Anaplasmosis often presents as nonspecific febrile illness without a rash.
- Common findings include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and mild transaminitis.
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and Lyme disease serology are recommended for diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Anaplasmosis prevalence is rising in Canada due to increased tick populations.
- Physician awareness is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.
- Doxycycline is an effective treatment, reducing complication risks.
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