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A Quick Reference on Magnesium.

Jordi Puig1, Helio Autran de Morais2

  • 1Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, AniCura Ars Veterinària Hospital Veterinari, Carrer dels Cavallers, Barcelona, Spain.

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|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnesium is a vital intracellular cation crucial for metabolism and muscle function. Maintaining proper magnesium levels is essential, as low levels can cause serious health issues like arrhythmias.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Magnesium is a critical intracellular cation and cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions.
  • It plays essential roles in metabolism, electrolyte balance, neuromuscular transmission, and muscle contraction.
  • Serum magnesium levels are poor indicators of total body stores due to 99% intracellular residence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the essential physiological roles of magnesium.
  • To discuss magnesium homeostasis and its regulation.
  • To emphasize the importance of diagnosing and managing hypomagnesemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological roles of magnesium.
  • Discussion of magnesium homeostasis mechanisms (absorption, storage, renal regulation).
  • Analysis of clinical consequences of hypomagnesemia.

Main Results:

  • Magnesium is vital for numerous metabolic and physiological processes.
  • Homeostasis is maintained via intestinal absorption, bone storage, and renal regulation.
  • Hypomagnesemia can cause refractory hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, tremors, and arrhythmias.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and management of magnesium status are crucial.
  • Supplementation may be necessary to correct deficiencies.
  • Understanding magnesium's role is key for preventing and treating associated disorders.