In situ coordinated HTL strategy for high-performance and scalable perovskite solar cells

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Renewable Energy
• Device Physics

Background:

• Uniform and stable hole transport layers (HTLs) are critical for large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
• Current self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based HTLs exhibit poor interfacial adhesion, film uniformity, and limited stability, hindering scalability.
• Addressing these limitations is essential for the commercialization of PSC technology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a scalable, high-performance, and durable HTL for large-area PSCs.
• To enhance molecular ordering, energy level alignment, and charge extraction at the HTL/perovskite interface.
• To validate the improved stability and performance of the integrated HTL in industrial-scale modules.

Main Methods:

• An integrated HTL strategy involving in situ SAM anchoring during NiO_x synthesis was employed.
• The strategy was applied to large-area slot-die coating modules for PSC fabrication.
• Performance metrics, including power conversion efficiency (PCE), scalability, and stability under various stress conditions, were evaluated.

Main Results:

• The integrated HTL strategy significantly improved molecular ordering, energy level alignment, and charge extraction.
• PSCs achieved a champion PCE of 26.02% (0.0655 cm²).
• Large-area modules demonstrated excellent scalability, reaching 22.80% (23.25 cm²), 21.45% (87.45 cm²), and 20.21% (749.276 cm², certified at 19.50%).
• Improved irradiation and thermal stability were observed, with modules passing IEC 61215-2-2021 quality tests.

Conclusions:

• The proposed integrated HTL strategy offers a scalable and durable solution for high-performance large-area PSCs.
• The enhanced interfacial properties and module stability pave the way for commercial applications.
• This advancement represents a significant step towards the widespread adoption of perovskite solar technology.