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Updated: Jan 15, 2026
Electrochemical Preparation of Poly3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications
Published on: July 28, 2021
Direct electrochemical sensing of ampicillin in milk using a screen-printed electrode modified with conductive
Sarra Fafa1, Ali Zazoua2,3, Faiza Bouhebila1
1Laboratory of Applied Energetic and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Jijel, BP 98, Ouled Aissa, Jijel, 18000, Algeria.
Abstract:
The synergistic effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) incorporated into molecularly imprinted over-oxidized poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (MIP-OPEDOT) films to enhance the electrochemical detection of ampicillin has been investigated. The MIP-OPEDOT films were electropolymerized cyclically on a screen-printed carbon electrode in the presence of ampicillin as the template molecule. After template removal, the resulting cavities enabled selective rebinding of ampicillin, modulating charge transfer at the electrode surface and generating a measurable electrochemical signal. The sensor was characterized using physicochemical (FTIR, AFM, SEM/EDS) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. Square-wave voltammetry revealed a wide linear detection range (1-750 pg mL⁻1), an ultralow detection limit (1.8 pg mL⁻1), and a low quantification limit (5.94 pg mL⁻1). The sensor exhibited exceptional selectivity against structurally similar molecules, high stability and good reproducibility. Validation in real milk samples demonstrated its applicability in agri-food analysis, with recoveries of 110-118%, underscoring its potential for food safety and environmental monitoring.
