Prognostic analysis of neovascular glaucoma treatment in 227 patients: A retrospective observational study

To investigate the etiology, therapies, and outcomes of neovascular glaucoma, guiding prevention and treatment strategies. This study retrospectively analyzed the causes, treatment methods, and efficacy in 218 hospitalized patients (227 eyes) diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from 2017 to 2024. In this study, diabetic retinopathy occurred in 93 eyes (41.0%) and retinal vein occlusion in 52 eyes (22.9%), collectively representing 134 eyes (59.0%) with these primary pathologies. No light perception to 0.02 vision was observed in 192 eyes (86.1%) before treatment and 191 eyes (85.6%) posttreatment, with no significant difference (P > .05). Elevated intraocular pressure (>21 mm Hg) declined from 94.0% (213 eyes) pretreatment to 41.7% (93 eyes) posttreatment, with 50.2% (112 eyes) achieving 10-21 mm Hg (P < .05). Significant intraocular pressure reduction occurred in vitrectomy cases, combined vitrectomy/anti-glaucoma surgery, standalone anti-glaucoma procedures, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies (all P < .05), whereas conservative treatment showed no significant effect. Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a type of secondary refractory glaucoma predominantly caused by conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. Standard treatments include vitrectomy, anti-glaucoma surgery, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, commonly tailored and combined according to the specific needs of the patient. Although these aggressive treatments can effectively manage intraocular pressure in Neovascular glaucoma (NVG), improving vision remains challenging.