Association between pulmonary function tests and lipid levels

This study aimed to investigate the association between pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and biochemical parameters, including lipid levels, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR), glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), undergoing routine health checkups. Cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and glucose levels of a total of 153 subjects (51% male) were analyzed using the Abbott Architect c8000 auto-analyzer. HbA1c was measured using the Lifotronic H9 HPLC system. Monocyte count was determined using the Abbott CELL-DYN Ruby fully automated blood counter. PFTs were conducted using a spirometer, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG, and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in the overweight and obese group than in the control group (P < .05). Similarly, glucose, cholesterol, TG, and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in the diabetic and prediabetic groups compared to the control group (P < .05). The high lipid group exhibited elevated monocyte counts and MHR, along with reduced HDL levels compared to the optimal lipid group. Smokers had a significantly higher MHR in smokers (0.012) than nonsmokers (0.010), and males (0.013) exhibited higher MHR values than females (0.008). Significant differences in PFTs were observed for smokers, who exhibited lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (3.70 ± 0.99 L) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (3.05 ± 0.77 L/s) compared to nonsmokers (FVC: 4.23 ± 1.16 L and FEV1: 3.44 ± 0.84 L/s). Similarly, females had lower FVC (3.14 ± 0.59 L), FEV1 (3.05 ± 0.77 L/s), and peak expiratory flow (5.1 ± 1.16 L/s) compared to males (FVC: 4.23 ± 1.16 L, FEV1: 3.44 ± 0.84 L/s, peak expiratory flow: 7.3 ± 1.89 L/s). In the multivariable regression model, the associations of lipids, body mass index, and smoking were not independently significant, whereas age and sex emerged as the strongest factors associated with pulmonary function. Older age was linked to significant declines in FVC and FEV1, and males exhibited significantly higher lung volumes than females. In conclusion, age and sex are significantly associated with pulmonary function, while the associations of smoking, body mass index, HbA1c, and lipid levels appear to be more complex and require further investigation.