Plastic Additives in Single-Use and Reusable Menstrual Products: Potential Implications for Human Health and the...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Toxicology
• Public Health

Background:

• Menstrual products are essential hygiene items used by millions globally.
• Concerns exist regarding potential chemical contaminants in menstrual products.
• Plastic additives are widely used in consumer goods, raising exposure questions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detect and quantify phthalates (PAEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and alternative plasticizers (APs) in various menstrual products.
• To assess potential human health risks and environmental impacts associated with these detected chemicals.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of single-use (pads, liners, tampons) and reusable (pads, underwear, cups) menstrual products.
• Quantification of PAEs, OPEs, and APs using analytical chemistry techniques.
• Calculation of estimated daily intake (EDI) and cancer risk assessment based on detected concentrations.

Main Results:

• PAEs, OPEs, and APs were detected in all tested menstrual product types.
• Dermal exposure via menstrual products represents a significant exposure pathway for these chemicals.
• Risk assessment indicated potential human health risks (cancer risk > 10^-6) for some products under worst-case scenarios.
• Environmental release of plastic additives during product use and disposal was highlighted.

Conclusions:

• Menstrual products can be a source of exposure to concerning plastic additives.
• The presence of these chemicals warrants further investigation into long-term health effects and environmental consequences.
• Safer material choices and improved waste management are crucial for menstrual products.