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Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine - a Propensity Score Matched Test Negative Design Case-Control Study

Yue Xin Xiu1, Lin Tang1, Fu Zhen Wang1

  • 1National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES
|October 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) shows strong effectiveness in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under five. Three doses offer better protection than one or two, with effectiveness remaining high even a year after the third dose.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) is a significant cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children globally.
  • The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) is a key tool for preventing RVGE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the RV5 vaccine in children under five years old in China.
  • To assess the impact of the number of vaccine doses and time since vaccination on VE.

Main Methods:

  • A propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study was conducted.
  • Data were sourced from electronic health records and immunization information systems.
  • Children with AGE were matched based on age, visit month, and province.

Main Results:

  • Three doses of RV5 showed higher VE (67.2%) against medically attended RV infection compared to 1-2 doses (57.6%).
  • VE remained substantial (63.0%) at least one year after the third dose in children vaccinated before five months of age.
  • Three-dose VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations (69.4%) than for outpatient visits (57.5%).

Conclusions:

  • The three-dose RV5 regimen provides robust protection against RVGE in young children.
  • Vaccine effectiveness is durable over time and higher for severe outcomes like hospitalization.
  • Findings support continued use and optimal administration schedules for RV5 in China.
Abstract

Keywords:
Propensity score matchingRotavirus vaccineTest-negative designVaccine effectiveness

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