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Multilevel Analysis of Community Acquired Pneumonia Among 2-59 Months Old Children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A

Nigussie Adam Birhan1, Alene Yirsaw Workineh2, Gedif Mulat Alemayehu1

  • 1Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science Injibara University Injibara Amhara Regional State Ethiopia.

Health Science Reports
|October 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Community-acquired pneumonia is a major threat to children under five. This study identified key risk factors including stunting, diarrhea, and indoor air pollution in Northwest Ethiopia.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pneumonia caused 740,180 deaths in children under 5 in 2019.
  • It accounted for 14% of all child deaths globally.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
  • Focus on children aged 2-59 months in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Main Methods:

  • Community-based cross-sectional study.
  • 1368 participants selected via multistage sampling.
  • Multilevel analysis to identify significant risk factors (p<0.05).

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of CAP was 11.33%.
  • Significant risk factors included stunting, diarrhea, previous respiratory infections, and household air pollution (charcoal fuel, cooking proximity).
  • Maternal education and separate kitchen were protective.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal education, child stunting, diarrhea history, and indoor air pollution are key factors.
  • Recommendations include health education on nutrition, diarrhea management, and reducing indoor air pollution.
Abstract

Keywords:
associated factorcommunity acquired pneumoniaprevalenceunder‐five childrenupper respiratory tract infection

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