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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Reprogramming the immune microenvironment in lung cancer.

Kai Chen1,2,3, Linqi Luo4, Yong Li2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|October 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lung cancer progression involves a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Strategies to reprogram this immunosuppressive TME are crucial for enhancing immunotherapy effectiveness in lung cancer patients.

Keywords:
MDSCTAMimmune evasionimmunotherapylung cancertumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences lung cancer progression and immune evasion.
  • Key immune cells within the TME, such as macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, promote immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional roles of immune cell subsets in lung cancer.
  • To highlight emerging strategies for reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME.
  • To discuss enhancing responsiveness to lung cancer immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immune cell functions in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of the immunosuppressive mechanisms within the TME.
  • Exploration of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the TME.

Main Results:

  • Diverse immune cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells, TAMs, MDSCs) play critical roles in lung cancer immunity.
  • TAMs and MDSCs contribute to immunosuppression through cytokines and metabolic disruption.
  • High M2-polarized TAMs and MDSCs are associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The immunosuppressive TME limits the efficacy of current lung cancer immunotherapies.
  • Reprogramming the TME is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes.
  • Emerging strategies aim to overcome TME-mediated immune suppression to enhance immunotherapy response.