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Multifactorial Patterns of Low Performance Development in German Elite Athletes.
Kati Wiedenbrüg1, Andrea Roffler2, Lukas Reichert2
1Institute of Philosophy II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06210, Germany.
Translational Sports Medicine
|October 15, 2025
Summary
Low performance development (LPD) in elite athletes is multifactorial, with distinct patterns emerging from combinations of performance, biological, and psychosocial factors. Individualizing support is crucial, as generalized approaches may not effectively address these complex athlete profiles.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Psychology
Background:
- Low performance development (LPD) in elite athletes is linked to training, biological, and psychosocial factors.
- Comprehensive research on the multifactorial nature of LPD is limited.
- This study investigates cross-disciplinary patterns of factors associated with LPD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore multifactorial patterns in elite athletes experiencing low performance development.
- To identify combinations of performance, biological, and psychosocial factors contributing to LPD.
- To assess the effectiveness of generalized versus individualized approaches for athletes with LPD.
Main Methods:
- Cluster analysis of performance (lower body speed/strength), biological (cytokine ratio, hormones), and psychosocial (social support, well-being) data.
- Inclusion of 62 elite athletes with below-average performance development.
- Group comparisons for demographic, anthropometric, nutritional, sleep, stress, and inflammatory marker variables.
Main Results:
- Six distinct patterns of LPD were identified.
- Patterns were characterized by domain-specific factors (e.g., lower body dynamics, social support).
- Interdisciplinary combinations of factors (social support, mental well-being, lower body dynamics) were also observed, with some cases showing no clear group pattern.
Conclusions:
- Generalizations about LPD have limited validity, highlighting the need for individualized athlete support.
- Identified patterns underscore the limitations of group-level cross-disciplinary approaches.
- Further research should focus on personalized interventions for athletes experiencing performance plateaus or declines.
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