Awareness and knowledge of colon cancer risk factors and preventive behaviors: A cross-sectional study

Colon cancer is a global health issue of importance and ranking among the top causes of cancer-related deaths. The purpose of this study is to evaluate colon cancer awareness and understanding of the risk factors and effects of daily habits on colon health among a sample of participants in the West Bank, Palestine.

The study was cross-sectional in nature, conducted between May and August 2024, with an online questionnaire being distributed via social media to the selected 600 participants of 18 and above-the questionnaire assessed: demographics, colon cancer awareness, symptoms awareness, and attitude toward prevention. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, means, and nonparametric tests to assess differences.

This study assessed the knowledge and awareness of colon cancer among 600 participants in the West Bank, of whom 84.1% were female and 46.8% aged 20-29. Findings revealed that 73.7% correctly identified the colon as part of the large intestine, while 62.3% recognized colon cancer as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Notably, 70.2% acknowledged that colon cancer could develop without symptoms, and 91% mentioned the fecal occult blood test. Most participants (87%) recognized smoking as a risk factor, with 98% aware of a sedentary lifestyle; however, knowledge of diabetes and hereditary factors was lower, at 88% and 83%, respectively. Demographic comparisons indicated that females outperformed males in all knowledge categories (P < 0.05). Age-related scores were the highest in the 30-39 age group for daily habits (72.5) and 40-49 for colon cancer knowledge (80.3), but these differences were not statistically significant. Participants from camps had the highest scores across categories, though again, differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Education level influenced results, with Master's degree holders scoring the highest in daily habits (82.3) and total scores (77.0). Overall, the study highlights critical gaps in knowledge about colon cancer, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions.

Although participants demonstrated considerable understanding toward colon cancer and risk factors, gaps remain for understanding: screening methods and diabetes. The findings indicate a need for public health intervention campaigns directed to create awareness toward early detection and encourage healthier lifestyles.