Rational Design of Zwitterionic Nanosystems to Overcome Biological Barriers for Drug Delivery by Various...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

• Drug delivery nanosystems (DDNS) show potential but face challenges from biological barriers hindering drug transport.
• Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modifications, while clinically used, have drawbacks like accelerated blood clearance and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review biological barriers in drug delivery via various routes.
• To elaborate on zwitterion polymers' advantages in overcoming these barriers.
• To highlight recent advancements in zwitterion-modified DDNS for enhanced delivery efficiency and efficacy.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on DDNS, biological barriers, and zwitterion polymer properties.
• Analysis of zwitterion polymer characteristics, including hydration layer formation, low immunogenicity, and prolonged circulation.
• Focus on flexible modification strategies for DDNS using zwitterions across different administration routes.

Main Results:

• Zwitterion polymers form strong hydration layers, exhibit low immunogenicity, and achieve ultra-delayed blood circulation.
• These properties enable zwitterions to effectively mitigate biological barriers encountered by DDNS.
• Zwitterion modification allows for superior delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy in various administration routes.

Conclusions:

• Zwitterion polymers present a viable alternative to PEG for surface modification of DDNS.
• Rational design of zwitterion-modified DDNS holds significant promise for future disease treatment strategies.