Gastric Morphology During Gastroscopy Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection

As a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes and thrives in the gastric mucosa. To enable early detection and treatment of H. pylori infection through exploring the clinical value of white light gastroscope endoscopic features in diagnosing H. pylori. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 968 patients who underwent routine gastroscopy over a 2-year period (March 1st, 2021-March 1st, 2023). A significant association was observed between H. pylori infection and age (p < 0.001), family history of H. pylori infection (p < 0.001), and gastric symptoms (p < 0.001). White light gastroscope findings demonstrated that diffuse erythema (p < 0.001), spotted redness (p < 0.001), mucosal swelling (p < 0.001), elongated and enlarged folds (p < 0.001), digestive tract ulcers (p < 0.001), proliferative polyps (p = 0.018), and erosions with depression (p < 0.001) were more frequent in H. pylori-infected individuals. Conversely, old bleeding spots (p = 0.003), gastric fundic glandular polyps (p = 0.048), and regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) (p < 0.001) were less common in H. pylori-infected patients. Diffuse erythema (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, p = 0.002), spotted redness (OR = 2.63, p = 0.008), mucosal swelling (OR = 1.97, p = 0.007), elongated and enlarged folds (OR = 2.15, p = 0.015), digestive tract ulcers (OR = 1.49, p = 0.036), and erosions with depression (OR = 1.86, p = 0.022) were identified as independent risk factors for H. pylori infection, while the RAC served as a protective factor.