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Updated: Jan 15, 2026
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Early Repolarization: A Comparative Study of Demographic and Ethnic Differences
Khaled Elenizi1, Rasha Alharthi2, Sahar Gamil3
1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|October 15, 2025
Summary
Early repolarization (ER), an electrocardiographic finding, is more common in young individuals, Black populations, and athletes. Further research is needed to understand its clinical significance in these groups.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Electrocardiography
- Public Health
Background:
- Early repolarization (ER) is a common ECG finding with J-point elevation.
- Traditionally viewed as benign, certain ER patterns may indicate increased cardiac event risk, including sudden cardiac death.
- Understanding ER prevalence across diverse populations is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the prevalence and distribution of early repolarization (ER).
- To compare ER prevalence across different demographic groups, including age, race, and athletic status.
- To identify populations with potentially higher ER prevalence.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed on EMBASE and PubMed up to May 2024.
- Data from 46 general population studies and 17 studies on Black individuals were analyzed.
- Statistical methods included correlation and ANOVA to assess prevalence variations.
Main Results:
- The overall mean prevalence of ER was 8.9±7.6%.
- ER prevalence significantly decreased with increasing age.
- ER was markedly higher in Black individuals (22.7%) and athletes (31.6%) compared to the general population.
Conclusions:
- Early repolarization is more prevalent in younger individuals, Black populations, and athletes.
- The elevated prevalence in athletes and Black individuals warrants further investigation into clinical implications.
- Targeted research is essential for developing appropriate risk stratification strategies for ER.
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