Plasmon-Exciton Strong Coupling in Low-Dimensional Materials: From Fundamentals to Hybrid Nanophotonic Platforms

Strong coupling has emerged as a central topic in nanophotonics, offering a powerful platform for light-matter interaction studies and advancing quantum technologies. Low-dimensional materials, such as quantum dots (QDs) and two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, possess pronounced excitonic resonances, high stability, and size-dependent tunability, making them ideal candidates for achieving strong coupling with plasmonic structures. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in plasmon low-dimensional material strong coupling. We first introduce the fundamental principles and experimental methods of plasmon-exciton strong coupling, then highlight representative studies on plasmon-QDs and plasmon-2D material hybrid systems, and finally discuss recent advances in multimode strong coupling. This review will provide a comprehensive overview and offer valuable guidance for future studies in strong coupling.