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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

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Strategies for Enhancing BiVO4 Photoanodes for PEC Water Splitting: A State-of-the-Art Review.

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|October 15, 2025
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Summary

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) shows promise for photoelectrochemical water splitting, but faces challenges in charge mobility and reaction kinetics. Recent strategies focus on synthesis, doping, and heterojunctions to improve efficiency and stability.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to its favorable bandgap, light absorption, stability, and cost.
  • However, BiVO4 suffers from poor charge carrier mobility, short diffusion lengths, and slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, limiting its practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review critically summarizes recent advancements in enhancing BiVO4-based PEC performance.
  • It focuses on strategies to overcome intrinsic limitations and improve efficiency, stability, and explore new applications.

Main Methods:

  • The review covers various synthesis strategies (solution-based, vapor-phase, electrochemical) and modification techniques.
  • These include defect engineering, heterojunction formation, cocatalyst integration, light-harvesting optimization, and surface passivation.

Main Results:

  • Advancements in fabrication and modification strategies have shown significant improvements in light absorption, charge separation efficiency (ηsep), and charge transfer efficiency (ηtrans).
  • Enhanced stability through protective layers and electrolyte tuning has been achieved, alongside progress in tandem PEC systems and solar production of H2O2.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress, challenges remain in scaling up electrode fabrication and understanding fundamental mechanisms.
  • Future research should focus on bridging the gap between lab-scale performance and practical implementation for widespread use.