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Additive-Enhanced SnO2 FBG Sensor with Optimized Annealing Time, Temperature, and Multilayer Coating for

Soo Ping Kok1, Yun Ii Go1, Siti Barirah Ahmad Anas2

  • 1School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing annealing and coating layers of tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructures significantly improves their moisture adsorption properties. This advancement makes SnO2 nanostructures highly promising for developing advanced humidity sensing devices.

Keywords:
adsorptionnanostructuresprecisionreactive materialsensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Nanostructure coatings are crucial for enhancing sensor sensitivity, stability, and response time.
  • High surface-to-volume ratio and tunable porosity of nanostructures offer potential for improved sensor performance.
  • Optimized nanostructure coatings are key to developing high-precision humidity sensing devices for industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of annealing time, temperature, and coating layers on additive-enhanced tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructures.
  • To analyze how annealing affects the crystallinity, porosity, and moisture adsorption of SnO2 nanostructures.
  • To evaluate the influence of multilayer coatings on the hygroscopic behavior of SnO2 nanostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Additive-enhanced SnO2 nanostructures were subjected to varying annealing times and temperatures.
  • Crystallinity, porosity, and moisture adsorption properties were analyzed under different annealing conditions.
  • Hygroscopicity tests were performed on samples with optimized annealing and varying numbers of coating layers.

Main Results:

  • Controlled annealing conditions were found to significantly enhance the hygroscopic properties of SnO2 nanostructures.
  • Optimized annealing parameters improved crystallinity, porosity, and moisture adsorption capabilities.
  • Multilayer coatings further enhanced moisture retention, demonstrating improved hygroscopic behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized annealing and multilayer coating strategies are effective in enhancing the performance of SnO2 nanostructures for humidity sensing.
  • The developed SnO2 nanostructures exhibit promising moisture adsorption and desorption capabilities.
  • These findings position SnO2 nanostructures as a viable material for advanced sensing applications, particularly in humidity monitoring.