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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Introduction to Virus01:28

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Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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Virion aggregation shapes infection dynamics and evolutionary potential.

Meher Sethi1, David VanInsberghe1, Bernardo A Mainou2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Virology
|October 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral aggregation reduces infectivity but enhances genetic exchange. Collective viral spread boosts evolutionary potential by promoting genetic diversity, impacting viral emergence and therapeutic resistance.

Keywords:
co-infectioncollectivereassortmentreovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Viral spread is typically viewed as single-particle transmission.
  • Viruses can also spread collectively via aggregates, vesicles, or surface-bound clusters.
  • The impact of collective dispersal on viral infectivity and evolution requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of viral aggregation on infection dynamics and genetic diversity.
  • To determine how collective dispersal influences viral propagation and reassortment using mammalian orthoreovirus.

Main Methods:

  • Mammalian orthoreovirus was used to study viral aggregation.
  • Aggregation was induced by altering pH and ionic conditions.
  • Infection dynamics, virion delivery, and genetic exchange were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Viral aggregation promoted coordinated delivery of virions to cells.
  • Aggregation reduced overall population infectivity and progeny yields.
  • Collective spread increased mixed infections and genetic reassortment frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Viral aggregation lowers replicative potential but enhances evolutionary potential.
  • Collective dispersal promotes genetic diversification, potentially influencing viral emergence and therapeutic resistance.
  • Understanding collective spread is crucial for anticipating viral evolution and developing countermeasures.